Dry rot
Stromatinia gladioli
What is Dry rot (Stromatinia gladioli)?
Stromatinia gladioli is a soilborne fungus capable of surviving for over 10 years. It forms dormant sclerotia that remain inactive until stimulated by nearby gladiolus roots. Found in cool, wet climates, it affects gladiolus, daffodils, and freesias. Symptoms include small brown lesions on leaves and corms, leading to wilting and leaf death. Dry rot poses a major threat to global gladiolus crops, persisting for years and thriving during the active growth season in cool, wet climates. Controlling this fungus is challenging due to its long soil persistence, increasing the risk of infection.
How does Dry rot (Stromatinia gladioli) occur?
Stromatinia gladioli reproduce through the production of sclerotia, which are compact masses of fungal mycelium. These sclerotia can survive in the soil for extended periods. When gladiolus roots are nearby, the sclerotia germinate and produce spores. The spores are then dispersed through various means, such as wind, water, or soil movement. If the spores come into contact with susceptible hosts, they can initiate infection. The fungus enters the leaves and stems, causing dry rot and eventually leading to plant death.
Symptoms
1 - Impact on Flowers
Stromatinia gladioli negatively affect plants by causing a range of issues, including reduced flower quality and appearance, stunted and distorted flower growth, failure to bloom or limited flower production, as well as wilting, yellowing, and ultimately the death of leaves.
2 - Impacts on Soil Health and the Environment
• Stromatinia gladioli infestation brings economic losses for farmers and gardeners and environmental implications from fungicide use. • It adversely affects gladiolus cultivation and productivity, with the pathogen persisting in the soil for extended periods. This increases the risk of future infections, reduces plant success, and poses a potential reservoir for the fungus.
Solutions
1 - Preventions
• Planting in Well-Drained Soil: Ensure that the soil has good drainage to minimize excess moisture, which can promote fungal growth and disease development. • Crop Rotation: Rotate gladiolus crops with different types of plants each year to reduce the buildup of fungal pathogens in the soil. • Using Certified Disease-Free Corms: Start with high-quality, certified disease-free gladiolus corms to minimize the risk of introducing the fungus.
2 - Chemical Control
Various fungicides such as azoxystrobin, thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil, mancozeb, propiconazole, and difenoconazole are available for controlling fungal diseases like dry rot caused by Stromatinia gladioli. Specific selection and usage should be based on the disease, stage of infection, and local regulations.
Susceptible Species
freesia
gladiolus
waterfall gladiolus
gladiolus
Byzantine gladiolus
gladiolus
gladiolus
gladiolus
gladiolus
gladiolus
peacock gladiolus
gladiolus
double daffodil
poeticus daffodil
small-cupped daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
cyclamineus daffodil
trumpet daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
miscellaneous daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
trumpet daffodil
trumpet daffodil
double daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
trumpet daffodil
split-corona daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
double daffodil
jonquilla daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
split-corona daffodil
small-cupped daffodil
jonquilla daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
double daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
cyclamineus daffodil
double daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
cyclamineus daffodil
split-corona daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
jonquilla daffodil
double daffodil
trumpet daffodil
tazetta daffodil
trumpet daffodil
tazetta daffodil
miscellaneous daffodil
small-cupped daffodil
daffodil
triandrus daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
triandrus daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
jonquilla daffodil
cyclamineus daffodil
cyclamineus daffodil
cyclamineus daffodil
cyclamineus daffodil
species daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
triandrus daffodil
cyclamineus daffodil
trumpet daffodil
jonquilla daffodil
split-corona daffodil
triandrus daffodil
trumpet daffodil
cyclamineus daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
split-corona daffodil
trumpet daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
tazetta daffodil
split-cupped daffodil
double daffodil
poeticus daffodil
tazetta daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
split-corona daffodil
trumpet daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
cyclamineus daffodil
double daffodil
triandrus daffodil
split-corona daffodil
jonquilla daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
jonquilla daffodil
species daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
trumpet daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
jonquilla daffodil
jonquilla daffodil
cyclamineus daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
double daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
double daffodil
trumpet daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
cyclamineus daffodil
cyclamineus daffodil
jonquilla daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
jonquilla daffodil
jonquilla daffodil
double daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
miscellaneous daffodil
triandrus daffodil
cyclamineus daffodil
bulbocodium daffodil
split-corona daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
double daffodil
large-cupped daffodil
cyclamineus daffodil
autumn daffodil
freesia
Mountain Arnica
Daffodil
Sea Daffodil
FAQ
Do shade growing plants need any Sunlight?
Shade growing plants do need sunlight, although they require less than other plants. They need some direct sunlight each morning to help them photosynthesize and grow properly. Also, indirect sunlight throughout the day helps them stay healthy. Shade growing plants will benefit from the sunshine, but if they get too much or too little, then they can suffer the consequences. It's important to pay attention to the needs of your plants so that you can provide them with the proper light for optimal growth.
How often should you water indoor plants?
Indoor plants should be watered when the soil feels dry to a depth of about two inches, usually about once a week. A helpful technique to determine your plants' watering needs is to feel the soil before and after watering to get a sense of how long it takes to dry out. An important note to remember is that some plants require less water than others, and it's best to research the specific needs of your individual plants. Likewise, if your home is very dry, you might need to water more often as the lack of moisture can stress the plants and lead to problems like brown leaves and wilted stems.
Can my monstera plant get root rot?
Yes, a plant can get root rot. Root rot is a fungal disease that can be caused by over-watering, poor soil drainage, or high humidity levels in the air. Signs of root rot include yellowing leaves, wilting and stunted growth, and damaged or browning root systems. Sometimes it is difficult to detect root rot until the plant is removed from the soil, as the problems are mainly below the soil surface. Treating root rot usually involves removing the affected parts of the plant and replanting the unaffected ones.
Can I put my Monstera outside in summer?
No, you should not put your Monstera outside in summer. Monstera plants need warm, humid air to thrive, and direct sunlight can scorch their leaves. Instead, put your Monstera in a bright, sunny spot with indirect light, making sure the sun never directly hits the leaves. During the summer, keep your Monstera's soil damp and mist it occasionally to keep the leaves hydrated. At nighttime, keep the temperature around 16 - 21°C (60 - 70°F). You can definitely take your Monstera outdoors for short periods of time, just make sure to bring it back in if it starts to get too hot.
What happens if my monstera plant gets too cold?
If your monstera plant gets too cold, it will become vulnerable to pests, disease, or other damage. Cold temperatures can damage the leaves of the plant, causing them to become spotted or limp. The roots of monstera plants may also suffer in cold temperatures, leading to root rot or other diseases. Belonging to the tropical family, monsteras are used to warm environments and do not do well in cold temperatures, so it is important to ensure your plant is kept in conditions that suit their needs.
Is it possible to grow a vegetable garden in a small space?
Yes, it is possible to grow a vegetable garden in a small space. Gardening in a small space can be as simple as growing a few containerized plants in pots and raised beds, or as elaborate as vertically stacking planters, hanging pouches, and hanging baskets on a wall, railing, or fence. Regardless of the size of the space you are working with, some simple techniques such as companion planting, organic fertilizers, and water conservation can help you get the most out of your small vegetable garden.
Is peppermint herb green good for digestion?
Peppermint herb is indeed beneficial for digestion. The flavonoids in the herb support digestion by reducing inflammation in the digestive track, aiding in digestion and relieving indigestion, heartburn, and even the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Additionally, peppermint is naturally rich in menthol, which helps to relax the muscles of the stomach, aiding in the digestion of food. Peppermint herb can be consumed in a variety of forms, such as teas, tinctures and capsules, as well as by adding the herb to food or directly to water or tea.
Should peppermint herb green be consumed daily?
No, peppermint herb green should not be consumed daily. This is because it contains high levels of menthol, which can be toxic if taken in large doses. Additionally, consuming large amounts of peppermint herb green could interfere with the absorption of essential minerals and vitamins, potentially causing vitamin deficiencies. For these reasons, it is best to consult with a doctor before incorporating peppermint herb green into your daily diet.
