Ink spot
Drechslera iridis
What is Ink spot (Drechslera iridis) ?
Bipolaris iridis, also known as Drechslera iridis, is the fungus responsible for Ink spot disease. Symptoms include small, dark-brown spots on leaves, stems, and flowers, which enlarge and merge, leading to leaf collapse. Ink spot can be mistaken for Cladosporium leaf spot. Bulbs exhibit irregular ink-black stains on husks and small yellow dots or sunken black craters with raised margins. Severe disease occurs in plants left in the ground for 2 years. Mild and moist conditions favor disease development.
How does Ink spot (Drechslera iridis) occur?
Bipolaris iridis (Drechslera iridis) reproduces through spore formation and dissemination. Overwintering on infected debris and bulbs, the fungus produces spores within dark-brown spots on leaves, stems, and flowers. Mature spores are released and spread by air or water. Upon landing on susceptible plants, they initiate new infections, leading to ink spot disease. Disease development is favored by mild temperatures and moisture.
Symptoms
1 - Impact on Plant and Soil
• Drechslera iridis can cause various detrimental effects on plants, such as reduced photosynthesis and stunted growth. It weakens infected plants, leading to decreased flower production and compromised flower quality, which can negatively impact market value. • Additionally, there is a potential risk to soil health, including the spread of soilborne diseases and disruption of the soil microbial balance.
Solutions
1 - Cultural Control
• During the fall season, remove and destroy leaves that show signs of infection. • Maintain proper plant spacing to ensure good air circulation around the plants. • Rotate plantings, avoiding planting in the same location for consecutive years. • Divide plants frequently to prevent overcrowding and congestion.
2 - Fungicides
• The fungicides recommended for Ink spot disease control include Armada 50 WDG, Chipco 26019 FLO, Bonide Fung-onil Multi-purpose Fungicide, Daconil Weather Stik, Mancozeb-based products, Fore 80 WP, Protect DF, Spectracide Immunox Multi-Purpose Fungicide Spray Concentrate for Gardens, and Spectro 90 WDG. • It is important to follow the recommended application rates and instructions for each fungicide to ensure proper usage and maximize control efficacy.
Susceptible Species
spuria iris
tall bearded iris
iris
tall bearded reblooming iris
intermediate iris
Siberian iris
standard dwarf bearded iris
standard dwarf bearded iris
tall bearded iris
tall bearded reblooming iris
Siberian iris
Louisiana iris
tall bearded reblooming iris
zigzag iris
tall bearded reblooming iris
Siberian iris
Siberian iris
tall bearded reblooming iris
tall bearded iris
Siberian iris
tall bearded iris
tall bearded reblooming iris
standard dwarf bearded iris
dwarf crested iris
dwarf crested iris
dwarf crested iris
Siberian iris
dwarf iris
Siberian iris
blackberry lily
tall bearded iris
iris
tall bearded iris
Siberian iris
Japanese water iris
Siberian iris
standard dwarf bearded iris
tall bearded iris
tall bearded iris
stinking iris
Siberian iris
copper iris
copper iris
tall bearded reblooming iris
iris
iris
Siberian iris
tall bearded iris
tall bearded reblooming iris
iris
Siberian iris
tall bearded iris
Japanese iris
tall bearded reblooming iris
iris
standard dwarf bearded iris
tall bearded reblooming iris
Siberian iris
Siberian iris
Siberian iris
tall bearded reblooming iris
iris
tall bearded iris
Rocky Mountain iris
bearded iris
tall bearded reblooming iris
tall bearded reblooming iris
Siberian iris
tall bearded iris
tall bearded reblooming iris
Dalmatian iris
Dalmatian iris
iris
standard dwarf bearded iris
Siberian iris
iris
Louisiana iris
tall bearded reblooming iris
Siberian iris
reticulated iris
iris
iris
iris
border bearded iris
Siberian iris
iris
bearded iris
tall bearded reblooming iris
Siberian iris
tall bearded iris
Siberian iris
bearded iris
Siberian iris
Siberian iris
tall bearded reblooming iris
blue iris
species iris
species iris
tall bearded reblooming iris
standard dwarf bearded iris
Siberian iris
standard dwarf bearded iris
roof iris
Siberian iris
southern blue flag
southern blue flag
southern blue flag
bamboo iris
standard dwarf bearded iris
tall bearded iris
Siberian iris
tall bearded iris
tall bearded reblooming iris
tall bearded reblooming iris
Dutch iris
Irish moss
clubmoss
Irish yew
Womans tongue
Evergreen Iris
African Iris
Wild Iris
Bearded Iris
Bearded Iris
Beardless Irises
Variegated Chinese Roof Iris
Walking Iris
Walking Iris
Yellow Walking Iris
Snow Wood
Bearded Iris
Louisiana Iris
Bicolor Iris
African Iris
FAQ
Do shade growing plants need any Sunlight?
Shade growing plants do need sunlight, although they require less than other plants. They need some direct sunlight each morning to help them photosynthesize and grow properly. Also, indirect sunlight throughout the day helps them stay healthy. Shade growing plants will benefit from the sunshine, but if they get too much or too little, then they can suffer the consequences. It's important to pay attention to the needs of your plants so that you can provide them with the proper light for optimal growth.
How often should you water indoor plants?
Indoor plants should be watered when the soil feels dry to a depth of about two inches, usually about once a week. A helpful technique to determine your plants' watering needs is to feel the soil before and after watering to get a sense of how long it takes to dry out. An important note to remember is that some plants require less water than others, and it's best to research the specific needs of your individual plants. Likewise, if your home is very dry, you might need to water more often as the lack of moisture can stress the plants and lead to problems like brown leaves and wilted stems.
Can my monstera plant get root rot?
Yes, a plant can get root rot. Root rot is a fungal disease that can be caused by over-watering, poor soil drainage, or high humidity levels in the air. Signs of root rot include yellowing leaves, wilting and stunted growth, and damaged or browning root systems. Sometimes it is difficult to detect root rot until the plant is removed from the soil, as the problems are mainly below the soil surface. Treating root rot usually involves removing the affected parts of the plant and replanting the unaffected ones.
Can I put my Monstera outside in summer?
No, you should not put your Monstera outside in summer. Monstera plants need warm, humid air to thrive, and direct sunlight can scorch their leaves. Instead, put your Monstera in a bright, sunny spot with indirect light, making sure the sun never directly hits the leaves. During the summer, keep your Monstera's soil damp and mist it occasionally to keep the leaves hydrated. At nighttime, keep the temperature around 16 - 21°C (60 - 70°F). You can definitely take your Monstera outdoors for short periods of time, just make sure to bring it back in if it starts to get too hot.
What happens if my monstera plant gets too cold?
If your monstera plant gets too cold, it will become vulnerable to pests, disease, or other damage. Cold temperatures can damage the leaves of the plant, causing them to become spotted or limp. The roots of monstera plants may also suffer in cold temperatures, leading to root rot or other diseases. Belonging to the tropical family, monsteras are used to warm environments and do not do well in cold temperatures, so it is important to ensure your plant is kept in conditions that suit their needs.
Is it possible to grow a vegetable garden in a small space?
Yes, it is possible to grow a vegetable garden in a small space. Gardening in a small space can be as simple as growing a few containerized plants in pots and raised beds, or as elaborate as vertically stacking planters, hanging pouches, and hanging baskets on a wall, railing, or fence. Regardless of the size of the space you are working with, some simple techniques such as companion planting, organic fertilizers, and water conservation can help you get the most out of your small vegetable garden.
Is peppermint herb green good for digestion?
Peppermint herb is indeed beneficial for digestion. The flavonoids in the herb support digestion by reducing inflammation in the digestive track, aiding in digestion and relieving indigestion, heartburn, and even the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Additionally, peppermint is naturally rich in menthol, which helps to relax the muscles of the stomach, aiding in the digestion of food. Peppermint herb can be consumed in a variety of forms, such as teas, tinctures and capsules, as well as by adding the herb to food or directly to water or tea.
Should peppermint herb green be consumed daily?
No, peppermint herb green should not be consumed daily. This is because it contains high levels of menthol, which can be toxic if taken in large doses. Additionally, consuming large amounts of peppermint herb green could interfere with the absorption of essential minerals and vitamins, potentially causing vitamin deficiencies. For these reasons, it is best to consult with a doctor before incorporating peppermint herb green into your daily diet.
