Spotted wilt virus
Tomato spotted wilt virus
Also Known As - Tomato spotted wiltWhat is Spotted wilt virus (Tomato spotted wilt virus)?
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is a plant virus transmitted by western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), onion thrips (Thrips tabaci), and chili thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis). It affects crops like tomatoes, peppers, and tomatillos and has a wide distribution. Symptoms vary depending on the plant and infection stage but commonly include wilting, necrotic spots on leaves, brown ringspot on fruit, and calico patterns. Effective management of TSWV is crucial to prevent yield losses, especially in environments with susceptible plants and thrips vectors.
How does Spotted wilt virus (Tomato spotted wilt virus) occur?
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) reproduces and spreads through a combination of insect vector transmission and replication within host plants. Thrips insects acquire the virus by feeding on infected plants. Once inside the thrips, the virus replicates and can be transmitted to healthy plants during subsequent feeding. Within the host plant, the virus replicates and spreads systemically, infecting various tissues. This reproductive cycle allows TSWV to persist and spread, leading to the development of symptoms and potential damage to susceptible plant species.
Symptoms
1 - Effects on Plants
TSWV infection causes wilting, necrotic spots, fruit ringspot, and stunted growth. Plants suffer reduced vigor, yield losses, and diminished crop quality as a result, impacting their overall health and productivity.
2 - Effects on Environment
Its broad host range influences plant diversity and community dynamics, altering the composition of plant populations in affected areas.
Solutions
1 - Cultural Practices and Field Management
• Resistant Varieties: Opt for varieties containing the Sw-5 gene, known for their resistance to TSWV. • Virus- and Thrips-Free Transplants: Source transplants from reliable suppliers to ensure they are free from TSWV and thrips. • Planting Distances: Avoid planting near infected crops or weed reservoirs to reduce the risk of virus transmission. • Regular Monitoring: Monitor fields regularly for thrips presence and TSWV symptoms to take prompt action if detected. • Weed Control: Implement effective weed management to minimize virus reservoirs in and around fields.
2 - Thrips Control and Vector Management
• Thrips Management: Implement targeted insecticide applications to control thrips and reduce virus transmission. • Biological Control: Consider biological control methods to reduce thrips populations. • Reflective Mulches and Row Covers: Use reflective mulches or row covers as physical barriers to deter thrips. • Removal of Infected Plants: Promptly remove and destroy infected plants to limit virus spread. • Promote Beneficial Insects: Encourage beneficial insects like predatory mites and parasitic wasps to naturally regulate thrips populations.
3 - Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Approach
• Adopt an integrated approach combining preventive measures, monitoring, and targeted treatments. • Utilize cultural practices, such as crop rotation and trap crops, to disrupt the virus and thrips lifecycle. • Implement regular scouting and use economic thresholds to guide control decisions. • Educate and train farmers on TSWV identification and management strategies. • Promote overall plant health through proper nutrition and irrigation practices.
Susceptible Species
Okushimo Japanese Maple
Mountain Pepper
Black Gum
amur peppervine
cayenne pepper
sweet pepper
ornamental pepper
ornamental pepper
hot pepper
pepper
ornamental pepper
sweet bell pepper
ornamental pepper
pepper
habanero pepper
sweet pepperbush
sweet pepperbush
sweet pepperbush
sweet pepperbush
sweet pepperbush
sweet pepperbush
sweet pepperbush
sweet pepperbush
sweet pepperbush
sweet pepperbush
sweet pepperbush
sweet pepperbush
tree tomato
tomato
tomato
tomato
tomato
tomato
tomato
peppermint spider lily
emerald ripple pepper
common pepper
Brazilian peppertree
ornamental pepper
peppermint
silver-leaf peperomia
tomato
Japanese pepper
Aframomum
Western Australian Peppermint
Sweet Pepper
Starfish Pepper
Wiri Wiri Pepper
Pepper-leaved Commiphora
Tarwood
Pepper Basil
Vining Pepper
Radiator Plant
Tomatillo
Allspice
Spiked Pepper
Root Beer Plant
Bengal Pepper
Lacquered Peppertree
Pepper
Celebes pepper
Long Pepper
Chaa-plu
Pepper
Pahari Pipul
Devil Pepper
Pink Pepper
Chilean pepper-tree
Brazilian pepper-tree
Tamarillo
Flannel Bush
Tomato
Currant Tomato
Porcupine tomato
Sticky Nightshade
Chinese Pepper Tree
Tree Tomato
Jaltomato
Galapagos Island Tomato
Cannibal's Tomato
Monkey Pepper
FAQ
Do shade growing plants need any Sunlight?
Shade growing plants do need sunlight, although they require less than other plants. They need some direct sunlight each morning to help them photosynthesize and grow properly. Also, indirect sunlight throughout the day helps them stay healthy. Shade growing plants will benefit from the sunshine, but if they get too much or too little, then they can suffer the consequences. It's important to pay attention to the needs of your plants so that you can provide them with the proper light for optimal growth.
How often should you water indoor plants?
Indoor plants should be watered when the soil feels dry to a depth of about two inches, usually about once a week. A helpful technique to determine your plants' watering needs is to feel the soil before and after watering to get a sense of how long it takes to dry out. An important note to remember is that some plants require less water than others, and it's best to research the specific needs of your individual plants. Likewise, if your home is very dry, you might need to water more often as the lack of moisture can stress the plants and lead to problems like brown leaves and wilted stems.
Can my monstera plant get root rot?
Yes, a plant can get root rot. Root rot is a fungal disease that can be caused by over-watering, poor soil drainage, or high humidity levels in the air. Signs of root rot include yellowing leaves, wilting and stunted growth, and damaged or browning root systems. Sometimes it is difficult to detect root rot until the plant is removed from the soil, as the problems are mainly below the soil surface. Treating root rot usually involves removing the affected parts of the plant and replanting the unaffected ones.
Can I put my Monstera outside in summer?
No, you should not put your Monstera outside in summer. Monstera plants need warm, humid air to thrive, and direct sunlight can scorch their leaves. Instead, put your Monstera in a bright, sunny spot with indirect light, making sure the sun never directly hits the leaves. During the summer, keep your Monstera's soil damp and mist it occasionally to keep the leaves hydrated. At nighttime, keep the temperature around 16 - 21°C (60 - 70°F). You can definitely take your Monstera outdoors for short periods of time, just make sure to bring it back in if it starts to get too hot.
What happens if my monstera plant gets too cold?
If your monstera plant gets too cold, it will become vulnerable to pests, disease, or other damage. Cold temperatures can damage the leaves of the plant, causing them to become spotted or limp. The roots of monstera plants may also suffer in cold temperatures, leading to root rot or other diseases. Belonging to the tropical family, monsteras are used to warm environments and do not do well in cold temperatures, so it is important to ensure your plant is kept in conditions that suit their needs.
Is it possible to grow a vegetable garden in a small space?
Yes, it is possible to grow a vegetable garden in a small space. Gardening in a small space can be as simple as growing a few containerized plants in pots and raised beds, or as elaborate as vertically stacking planters, hanging pouches, and hanging baskets on a wall, railing, or fence. Regardless of the size of the space you are working with, some simple techniques such as companion planting, organic fertilizers, and water conservation can help you get the most out of your small vegetable garden.
Is peppermint herb green good for digestion?
Peppermint herb is indeed beneficial for digestion. The flavonoids in the herb support digestion by reducing inflammation in the digestive track, aiding in digestion and relieving indigestion, heartburn, and even the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Additionally, peppermint is naturally rich in menthol, which helps to relax the muscles of the stomach, aiding in the digestion of food. Peppermint herb can be consumed in a variety of forms, such as teas, tinctures and capsules, as well as by adding the herb to food or directly to water or tea.
Should peppermint herb green be consumed daily?
No, peppermint herb green should not be consumed daily. This is because it contains high levels of menthol, which can be toxic if taken in large doses. Additionally, consuming large amounts of peppermint herb green could interfere with the absorption of essential minerals and vitamins, potentially causing vitamin deficiencies. For these reasons, it is best to consult with a doctor before incorporating peppermint herb green into your daily diet.
