Phytophthora root and crown rot
Phytophthora spp.
Also Known As - Phytophthora crown and spear rot,Phytophthora root rot,Brown rot,Phytophthora gummosis,Root rot,Phytophthora root and crown rot (Red Stele),Red Stele (Phytophthora root and crown rot),Buckeye (Phytophthora root rot),Phytophthora root rot (Buckeye),Collar foot root and crown rot,Damping off and seed rotsWhat is Phytophthora root (Phytophthora ssp)?
Phytophthora root and crown rots are fungal diseases caused by soilborne fungi of the genus Phytophthora. These diseases affect various trees and shrubs in the northeastern region. Commonly infected hosts include rhododendron, andromeda, holly, yew, juniper, beech, dogwood, maple, apple, cherry, peach, and apricot. Infected plants exhibit yellowing, and browning of leaves, and an overall decline in health. The pathogen spreads from the roots to the root crown and lower trunk, leading to root decay, wilting, stunted growth, and, in severe cases, plant death
How does Phytophthora root (Phytophthora ssp) occur?
Crown rot happens when Phytophthora pathogens infect the roots and crown of vulnerable plants. These pathogens release zoospores that can swim in water. When the soil becomes saturated, the zoospores are attracted to plant roots and invade them. They then gradually move upward, infecting the root crown and lower trunk. The fungi target the inner bark, causing the death of inner bark and browning of the outer sapwood layer. This leads to plant decline or death.
Symptoms
1 - Effects on Plants
It impairs the plant's ability to absorb water and nutrients, leading to wilting, stunted growth, and reduced productivity. Severe infections can result in plant death.
2 - Effects on Soil
• It can impact soil health and functionality. The decayed root and crown tissues contribute to organic matter decomposition, affecting nutrient cycling and soil structure. • Additionally, the pathogens can persist in the soil, potentially infecting future plantings and perpetuating the disease cycle.
3 - Effects on the Environment
Crown rot can have environmental consequences. Infected plants may shed leaves or prematurely die, contributing to increased plant debris and organic matter accumulation in the environment. This can impact natural ecosystems and potentially alter nutrient dynamics.
Solutions
1 - Prevention and Cultural Practices
• Good Water Management: Avoid overwatering and ensure proper drainage. • Plant Selection: Choose resistant or tolerant plant varieties. • Site Selection: Plant in well-drained areas, avoiding low-lying or poorly drained spots. • Soil Improvement: Incorporate organic matter to improve soil drainage. • Proper Planting: Follow recommended planting guidelines to avoid burying the root crown. • Sanitation: Remove and destroy infected plant material. • Crop Rotation: Practice rotation in vegetable gardens to reduce pathogen buildup. • Avoid Soil Contamination: Prevent the introduction of contaminated soil, water, or plant material. • Regular Monitoring: Monitor plants for early signs of disease.
2 - Fungicide Application
Metalaxyl/Mefenoxam and Fosetyl-Aluminum Systemic fungicides provide control against Phytophthora species, and Products based on phosphorous acid and Dimethomorph fungicides with protective and curative properties are being used against this fungus. Consult local agricultural resources for specific recommendations and follow label instructions for proper use.
Susceptible Species
Okushimo Japanese Maple
Marina Strawberry Tree
Pacific Madrone*
Strawberry Tree
Common Paw Paw
Mountain Pepper
Carpathian English Walnut
Akane Apple
Ambrosia Apple
Belle de Boskoop Apple
Braeburn Apple
Candied Apple Flowering Crab
Chehalis Apple
Cortland Apple
Cox's Orange Pippin Apple
Dolgo Apple
Donald Wyman Flowering Crab
Elstar Apple
Gala Apple
Golden Delicious Apple
Golden Russet Apple
Granny Smith Apple
Gravenstein Apple
Honeycrisp Apple
Jonagold Apple
Jonathan Apple
Liberty Apple
Lodi Apple
Louisa Flowering Crab
Macintosh Apple
Melrose Apple
Norland Apple
Pink Lady Apple
Red Delicious Apple
Red Jewel Flowering Crab
Scarlet Pippin Apple
Sentinel Flowering Crab
Snowdrift Flowering Crab
Spartan Apple
Summerland Apple
Wealthy Apple
Yellow Transparent Apple
Zestar Apple
Black Gum
pineapple guava
sweet almond bush
apple serviceberry
apple serviceberry
amur peppervine
pineapple
pineapple
variegated pineapple
custard apple
hybrid strawberry tree
strawberry tree
Sprenger's asparagus fern
asparagus fern
asparagus fern
asparagus
asparagus
asparagus
asparagus
Ming fern
asparagus fern
cayenne pepper
sweet pepper
ornamental pepper
ornamental pepper
hot pepper
pepper
ornamental pepper
sweet bell pepper
ornamental pepper
pepper
habanero pepper
star apple
sweet pepperbush
sweet pepperbush
sweet pepperbush
sweet pepperbush
sweet pepperbush
sweet pepperbush
sweet pepperbush
sweet pepperbush
sweet pepperbush
sweet pepperbush
sweet pepperbush
sweet pepperbush
tree tomato
pineapple broom
pricklyburr
strawberry foxglove
argyle-apple
pineapple lily
pineapple lily
pineapple lily
pineapple lily
strawberry bush
strawberry
junebearing strawberry
junebearing strawberry
everbearing strawberry
strawberry
strawberry
strawberry
everbearing strawberry
strawberry
strawberry
wild strawberry
everbearing strawberry
junebearing strawberry
everbearing strawberry
wild strawberry
woodland strawberry
scarlet strawberry
black walnut
tomato
tomato
tomato
tomato
tomato
tomato
peppermint spider lily
flowering crabapple
flowering crabapple
flowering crabapple
crabapple
apple
Siberian crabapple
flowering crabapple
flowering crabapple
crabapple
flowering crabapple
crabapple
apple
Japanese crabapple
crabapple
flowering crabapple
flowering crabapple
flowering crabapple
apple
dwarf apple
columnar apple
columnar apple
dwarf apple
Sargent crabapple
Sargent crabapple
flowering crabapple
crabapple
flowering crabapple
flowering crabapple
flowering crabapple
redbud crabapple
apple mint
emerald ripple pepper
avocado
common pepper
may-apple
may-apple
may-apple
almond
dwarf flowering almond
flowering almond
flowering almond
yellow strawberry guava
dappled willow
pineapple sage
pineapple sage
strawberry geranium
Brazilian peppertree
Malaysian apple
tropical almond
barren strawberry
barren strawberry
piedmont barren strawberry
Strawberry Leaf Raspberry
atlas broom
ornamental pepper
garden strawberry
coastal strawberry
Royal Raindrops crabapple
European crabapple
pineapple weed
peppermint
silver-leaf peperomia
tomato
Japanese pepper
Strawberry Ground-Cherry
Strawberry-Blite
Strawberry-Blite
Strawberry Firetails
Aframomum
Western Australian Peppermint
Sweet Almond Bush
Cashew Nut
Pineapple
Smooth-barked apple
Pond Apple
Mountain Soursop
Custard Apple (Chirimoya - Cuba)
Golden Sugar Apple
Sugar Apple
Grecian strawberry tree
Strawberry Tree
Strawberry Tree
Pineapple Broom
Pawpaw
Asparagus Fern
Bridal Creeper
Emerald Asparagus Fern
Asparagus
Cluster-leaf Asparagus
Garden Asparagus
Asparagus Fern
Asparagus Fern
Strawberry Ice Bravaisia
Swallow-Wort
Sweet Pepper
Starfish Pepper
Wiri Wiri Pepper
Cocky apple
Seven-year Apple
Dwarf Apple Blossom Tree
Apple Blossom Tree
Apple Blossom Tree
Pink Shower Tree
Palmilla
Night Blooming Cereus
Caimito
Burmese Almondwood
Copey
Pepper-leaved Commiphora
Himalayan Strawberry tree
Gabon Nut
Desert Thorn Apple
Thorn Apple
Thorn Apple
Jimsonweed
Pineapple Orchid
Elephant Apple
Katmon
Velvet Apple
Gold Apple
Strawberry Snowball Tree
Kei Apple
Indian Strawberry
Argyle Apple
Pineapple Lily
Pineapple Lily
Pineapple Lily
Strawberry Cream
Feijoa
Strawberry
Seven Year Apple
Taffeta Plant
Colombian walnut
Persian Walnut
Pineapple Zamia
Sunsapote
Wood Apple
Tarwood
Osage Orange
Apple
Low Chill Apple
Mammee Apple
Blue Strawberry Flowers
Pomme Jacquot
Balsam Apple
Bitter Melon
Mouse's Pineapple
Strawberry tree
Pepper Basil
Sweet Calabash
Bell Apple
Vining Pepper
Radiator Plant
Avocado
Apple Leaf
Tomatillo
Allspice
Spiked Pepper
Root Beer Plant
Bengal Pepper
Lacquered Peppertree
Pepper
Celebes pepper
Long Pepper
Chaa-plu
Pepper
Pahari Pipul
Cocky Apple
Monkey Apple
Cinnamon Apple
Broadleaved Lucuma
Almond
Wild Almond tree
Devil Pepper
Balloon Berry
Pineapple Sage
Strawberry Begonia
Pink Pepper
Chilean pepper-tree
Brazilian pepper-tree
Pineapple Cactus
Cockroach berry
Tamarillo
Kangaroo Apple
Flannel Bush
Tomato
Currant Tomato
Porcupine tomato
Sticky Nightshade
Tropical Soda Apple
Cork Tree
Gedabu
Peon
Water Cherry
Sea Apple
Rose apple
Malay Apple
Wild Rose Apple
Wax jamboo
Red Bush Apple
Adam's Apple
Eve's Apple
Philippine Almond
Tropical Almond
Madagascar Almond
Chilean Guava
Chinese Pepper Tree
Otaheite Walnut
Wild Custard Apple
Tree Tomato
Elephant Apple
Jaltomato
Galapagos Island Tomato
Apple
Avocado
Cannibal's Tomato
Water Apple
White Apple
Monkey Pepper
Asparagus Fern
Pineapple Guava
FAQ
Do shade growing plants need any Sunlight?
Shade growing plants do need sunlight, although they require less than other plants. They need some direct sunlight each morning to help them photosynthesize and grow properly. Also, indirect sunlight throughout the day helps them stay healthy. Shade growing plants will benefit from the sunshine, but if they get too much or too little, then they can suffer the consequences. It's important to pay attention to the needs of your plants so that you can provide them with the proper light for optimal growth.
How often should you water indoor plants?
Indoor plants should be watered when the soil feels dry to a depth of about two inches, usually about once a week. A helpful technique to determine your plants' watering needs is to feel the soil before and after watering to get a sense of how long it takes to dry out. An important note to remember is that some plants require less water than others, and it's best to research the specific needs of your individual plants. Likewise, if your home is very dry, you might need to water more often as the lack of moisture can stress the plants and lead to problems like brown leaves and wilted stems.
Can my monstera plant get root rot?
Yes, a plant can get root rot. Root rot is a fungal disease that can be caused by over-watering, poor soil drainage, or high humidity levels in the air. Signs of root rot include yellowing leaves, wilting and stunted growth, and damaged or browning root systems. Sometimes it is difficult to detect root rot until the plant is removed from the soil, as the problems are mainly below the soil surface. Treating root rot usually involves removing the affected parts of the plant and replanting the unaffected ones.
Can I put my Monstera outside in summer?
No, you should not put your Monstera outside in summer. Monstera plants need warm, humid air to thrive, and direct sunlight can scorch their leaves. Instead, put your Monstera in a bright, sunny spot with indirect light, making sure the sun never directly hits the leaves. During the summer, keep your Monstera's soil damp and mist it occasionally to keep the leaves hydrated. At nighttime, keep the temperature around 16 - 21°C (60 - 70°F). You can definitely take your Monstera outdoors for short periods of time, just make sure to bring it back in if it starts to get too hot.
What happens if my monstera plant gets too cold?
If your monstera plant gets too cold, it will become vulnerable to pests, disease, or other damage. Cold temperatures can damage the leaves of the plant, causing them to become spotted or limp. The roots of monstera plants may also suffer in cold temperatures, leading to root rot or other diseases. Belonging to the tropical family, monsteras are used to warm environments and do not do well in cold temperatures, so it is important to ensure your plant is kept in conditions that suit their needs.
Is it possible to grow a vegetable garden in a small space?
Yes, it is possible to grow a vegetable garden in a small space. Gardening in a small space can be as simple as growing a few containerized plants in pots and raised beds, or as elaborate as vertically stacking planters, hanging pouches, and hanging baskets on a wall, railing, or fence. Regardless of the size of the space you are working with, some simple techniques such as companion planting, organic fertilizers, and water conservation can help you get the most out of your small vegetable garden.
Is peppermint herb green good for digestion?
Peppermint herb is indeed beneficial for digestion. The flavonoids in the herb support digestion by reducing inflammation in the digestive track, aiding in digestion and relieving indigestion, heartburn, and even the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Additionally, peppermint is naturally rich in menthol, which helps to relax the muscles of the stomach, aiding in the digestion of food. Peppermint herb can be consumed in a variety of forms, such as teas, tinctures and capsules, as well as by adding the herb to food or directly to water or tea.
Should peppermint herb green be consumed daily?
No, peppermint herb green should not be consumed daily. This is because it contains high levels of menthol, which can be toxic if taken in large doses. Additionally, consuming large amounts of peppermint herb green could interfere with the absorption of essential minerals and vitamins, potentially causing vitamin deficiencies. For these reasons, it is best to consult with a doctor before incorporating peppermint herb green into your daily diet.
