Rust

Phragmidium mucronatum

What is Rose Rust (Phragmidium mucronatum)?

Rose Rust, is caused by the fungal pathogen Phragmidium mucronatum. This rust fungus depends on a living host, and roses are highly susceptible to P. mucronatum. The disease, known as rose rust, manifests as orange or reddish-brown pustules on the undersides of rose leaves. Infected plants may exhibit yellowing of leaves and premature leaf drop. Rust infections are more prevalent in warm and humid conditions, creating favorable environments for fungal growth. While roses are the primary target, P. mucronatum can also infect other plant species

How does Rose Rust (Phragmidium mucronatum) occur?

Most rust fungi have a complex life cycle involving alternating generations between two host plants. However, exceptions like Phragmidium mucronatum (rose rust) and western gall rust are restricted to one host genus. They spread within their limited host population through spore dispersal. Rose rust spreads from infected roses to others through wind, water, or physical contact. Similarly, western gall rust spreads from pine to pine. Despite their specialization, these rust fungi can still propagate within their specific host genus, affecting multiple individuals.

Symptoms

1 - Impact on Plants

•Phragmidium mucronatum causes discolored spots on leaves, leading to premature leaf drop, weakened plants, and reduced flower production. Severe infections can result in defoliation, impacting overall plant health.

2 - Impact on Soil

Rust primarily affects above-ground parts of plants, not directly impacting the soil. However, infected leaves and debris left on the ground can serve as a source of future infections.

Solutions

1 - Cultural Control

• Select varieties that are known to have resistance to rust, as this can significantly reduce the risk of infection. • Plant with adequate spacing to ensure good air circulation, as this helps to minimize humidity levels and prevent rust development. • Avoid overhead watering, as wet foliage creates favorable conditions for rust. Instead, water at the base of the plant. • Regularly inspect for rust symptoms and promptly remove any infected leaves or plant debris. Dispose of them away from the garden to prevent further spread. • Prune to improve airflow and sunlight penetration, which helps keep the foliage dry and less susceptible to rust.

2 - Treatment

• Some organic fungicides, such as neem oil or sulfur-based products, may offer limited control of rust. Check the labels for recommended usage and precautions. • Several fungicides are available for rust control. Common brand names include Daconil (containing chlorothalonil), Banner Maxx (containing propiconazole), Immunox (containing myclobutanil), and Cleary's 3336 (containing thiophanate-methyl). • It is recommended to consult with local experts or garden centers to determine the most suitable fungicide options available in your area for effective rust control on roses.

Susceptible Species

Golden Korean Fir

Mocha Rose Big Leaf Maple

River Birch

River Birch (clump)

Summer Cascade Weeping River Birch

California Incense Cedar

Leprechaun Green Ash

Patmore Green Ash

Blue Star Juniper

Rose Marie Magnolia

Candied Apple Flowering Crab

Dolgo Apple

Donald Wyman Flowering Crab

Louisa Flowering Crab

Melrose Apple

Red Jewel Flowering Crab

Sentinel Flowering Crab

Snowdrift Flowering Crab

Black Gum

acaena

yarrow

bugbane

desert rose

floss flower

tree of Heaven

hollyhock

leek

onion

scallion

chives

serviceberry

snapdragon

common bearberry

bearberry

black chokeberry

western mugwort

wild ginger

swamp milkweed

lady fern

tatting fern

lady fern

northern lady fern

lady fern

Japanese painted fern

European white birch

silver birch

deer fern

false aster

false chamomile

false aster

marsh marigold

shrubby evening primrose

nettle-leaved bellflower

rose peashrub

leatherleaf sedge

sedge

blue green sedge

blue sedge

squarrose sedge

knapweed

golden-bell clematis

rose glory bower

Cumberland rosemary

large-flowered tickseed

tickseed

Harry Lauder's walking stick

smoketree

cotoneaster

rock cotoneaster

small-leaved cotoneaster

black hawthorn

Washington hawthorn

quince

delphinium

candle larkspur

cheddar pink

wood fern

Japanese shield fern

wallflower

Joe Pye weed

tall fescue

fescue

meadowsweet

European ash

flowering ash

crown imperial

sweetscented bedstraw

rose verbena

rose vervain

imperial honey locust

honey locust

rock rose

blue oat grass

Christmas rose

coral bells

scarlet rose mallow

Neches River rosemallow

common rose mallow

rose mallow

common rose mallow

fringed rosemallow

striped rosemallow

rose of Sharon

bigleaf hydrangea

silver ragwort

Hollywood juniper

common juniper

Japanese garden juniper

savin juniper

singleseed juniper

red cedar

European larch

English lavender

Spanish lavender

rose campion

creeping Jenny

Japanese crabapple

paper-rose

woodland forget-me-not

forget-me-not

oleander

common evening primrose

evening primrose

Missouri evening primrose

dwarf evening primrose

evening primrose

white evening primrose

royal fern

kerosene bush

fountain grass

pearl millet

oriental fountain grass

fountain grass

crimson fountaingrass

beardtongue

rose cactus

garden phlox

white spruce

Japanese red pine

Bosnian pine

mugo pine

dwarf mountain pine

mugo pine

dwarf mountain pine

Japanese black pine

tuberose

rosemary mint

white poplar

eastern cottonwood

black poplar

American aspen

rose moss

primrose

Bee's primrose

primrose

hardy primrose

primrose

Douglas fir

common pear

white oak

scarlet oak

pin oak

willow oak

English oak

red oak

creeping buttercup

rosebay rhododendron

roseshell azalea

smooth sumac

Alpine currant

hybrid tea rose

shrub rose

hybrid tea rose

shrub rose

hybrid musk rose

banksia rose

banksian rose

miniature rose

hybrid rugosa rose

hybrid wichurana rose

shrub rose

Carolina rose

kordesii rose

shrub rose

climbing polyantha rose

shrub rose

hybrid tea rose

large-flowered climbing rose

hybrid tea rose

large-flowered climbing rose

kordesii rose

large-flowered climbing rose

floribunda rose

mini-flora rose

shrub rose

large-flowered climbing rose

shrub rose

floribunda rose

hybrid rugosa rose

hybrid tea rose

rose

shrub rose

floribunda rose

miniature rose

floribunda rose

hybrid tea rose

floribunda rose

rugosa rose

floribunda rose

hybrid tea rose

floribunda rose

hybrid tea rose

climbing miniature rose

hybrid tea rose

floribunda rose

shrub rose

floribunda rose

Cherokee rose

large-flowered climbing rose

hybrid perpetual rose

hybrid tea rose

shrub rose

hybrid tea rose

shrub rose

hybrid tea rose

large-flowered climbing rose

hybrid tea rose

large-flowered climbing rose

hybrid tea rose

shrub rose

hybrid tea rose

shrub rose

hybrid rugosa rose

multiflora rose

seven sisters' rose

China rose

floribunda rose

hybrid moyesii rose

large-flowered climbing rose

shrub rose

damask rose

shrub rose

swamp rose

hybrid tea rose

floribunda rose

grandiflora rose

shrub rose

climbing miniature rose

Portland rose

sweet briar rose

rugosa rose

Japanese rose

miniature rose

mini-flora rose

miniature rose

hybrid rugosa rose

shrub rose

miniature rose

shrub rose

prairie rose

hybrid rugosa rose

climbing tea rose

hybrid tea rose

polyantha rose

hybrid rugosa rose

hybrid multiflora rose

hybrid tea rose

grandiflora rose

floribunda rose

large-flowered climbing rose

kordesii rose

Manchu rose

bourbon rose

shrub rose

landscape shrub rose

rose

raspberry

orange coneflower

black-eyed Susan

red-veined dock

rose gentian

Plymouth rose gentian

weeping willow

dragon's claw willow

rose-gold pussy willow

common sage

rosemary

creeping rosemary

rosemary

scarlet sage

house leek

snowrose

rough goldenrod

rose spirea

lamb's ear

Cape primrose

white woodland aster

calico aster

michaelmas daisy

Canadian hemlock

western hemlock

David viburnum

Baldhip Rose

Bog Rosemary

Canada Rosebay/ Rhodora

Clustered Wild Rose

Common Wild Rose

Red-Flowering Currant

Redwood Sorrel

yarrow cultivars

variegated bulbous oat grass

Frikart aster

William Penn barberry

canna

garden mum

Sunset rock rose

alpine clematis

pink anemone clematis

spider flower

Lavalle hawthorn

common hawthorn

elaeagnus

Idaho fescue

cascara

blanket flower

sunflower

hybrid Lenten rose

coral bells

hardy hibiscus

creeping juniper

lantana

greater woodrush

charity mahonia

Oregon grape

false lily-of-the valley

European crabapple

peppermint

bee balm

narrow feather grass

blackstem bamboo

dwarf eastern white pine

fairy primrose

primula

Garry oak

Hino Crimson azalea

Nootka rose

Mexican petunia

hens and chicks

checkerbloom

goldenrod

cape primrose

meadow rue

piggyback plant

wheat

Thunderbird evergreen huckleberry

Japanese pepper

Northern Bog Rosemary

Glaucous-Leaved Bog Rosemary

James Bay Bog Rosemary

Dwarf Contorted Suncup

Little Rose

Rosendahl's Golden-Saxifrage

Pink Rockrose

Desert Rose

Double Flower Desert Rose Hybrid

Desert Rose

Adenium

Black Desert Rose

Variegated Desert Rose

Yellow Desert Rose

Desert Rose

Tuberose

Red-centred Hibiscus

Bog Rosemary

Smooth-barked apple

Baby Sun Rose

Sea Rosemary

Elephant creeper; Woolly Morning Glory

Coogera

Swamp Milkweed

Rose of the Andes

Rose of Venezuela

Panama Flame Tree

Rose cascade

Roselings

Red Shower Tree

Hairy Rockrose

Gum Rockrose

Sageleaf Rockrose

Rockrose

Thailand Rosewood

Black Rosewood

Pink Cloud

Tropical Rose Hydrangea

Wild Rosemary

Rose of Siam

Malay Rose

Sturt's Desert Rose

African Rosemallow

Scarlet Hibiscus

Swamp-rose Mallow

Confederate Rose

Hibiscus

Blue Hibiscus

Rose Bud Jasmine

Japanese Jasmine

Jasminum sambac Rosebud

Double Kerria

Primrose Tree

Rose cactus

Pink Rose Cactus

False Primrose

Floating Primrose Willow

Primrose Willow

Swamp Primrose

Thai Rose

Woodrose

Large Woodrose

Yellow Merremia

Beach Evening Primrose

Missouri Evening Primrose

Evening Primrose

Pink Evening Primrose

Rose-colored Lead-wort

Moss rose

Primrose

Stansbury's Cliffrose

Rose Cactus

Rock Rose

Rose Grass

Hong Kong Rose

Rose Myrtle

Panama Rose

Rose

Lady Banks Rose

Father Hugo Rose

Wild Rose

Panama Rose

Ruddy Rose

Ruddy Rose Pink

Rosemary

Cape Stock-rose

Water Cherry

Rose apple

Wild Rose Apple

Yellow jacaranda

African Bonsai

False Rose Tree

Native Rosemary

Primrose

Rose Mallow/Hardy Hibiscus

Rock Rose

Rosemary

Brazilian Rock Rose

Primrose Jasmine

FAQ

Do shade growing plants need any Sunlight?

Shade growing plants do need sunlight, although they require less than other plants. They need some direct sunlight each morning to help them photosynthesize and grow properly. Also, indirect sunlight throughout the day helps them stay healthy. Shade growing plants will benefit from the sunshine, but if they get too much or too little, then they can suffer the consequences. It's important to pay attention to the needs of your plants so that you can provide them with the proper light for optimal growth.

How often should you water indoor plants?

Indoor plants should be watered when the soil feels dry to a depth of about two inches, usually about once a week. A helpful technique to determine your plants' watering needs is to feel the soil before and after watering to get a sense of how long it takes to dry out. An important note to remember is that some plants require less water than others, and it's best to research the specific needs of your individual plants. Likewise, if your home is very dry, you might need to water more often as the lack of moisture can stress the plants and lead to problems like brown leaves and wilted stems.

Can my monstera plant get root rot?

Yes, a plant can get root rot. Root rot is a fungal disease that can be caused by over-watering, poor soil drainage, or high humidity levels in the air. Signs of root rot include yellowing leaves, wilting and stunted growth, and damaged or browning root systems. Sometimes it is difficult to detect root rot until the plant is removed from the soil, as the problems are mainly below the soil surface. Treating root rot usually involves removing the affected parts of the plant and replanting the unaffected ones.

Can I put my Monstera outside in summer?

No, you should not put your Monstera outside in summer. Monstera plants need warm, humid air to thrive, and direct sunlight can scorch their leaves. Instead, put your Monstera in a bright, sunny spot with indirect light, making sure the sun never directly hits the leaves. During the summer, keep your Monstera's soil damp and mist it occasionally to keep the leaves hydrated. At nighttime, keep the temperature around 16 - 21°C (60 - 70°F). You can definitely take your Monstera outdoors for short periods of time, just make sure to bring it back in if it starts to get too hot.

What happens if my monstera plant gets too cold?

If your monstera plant gets too cold, it will become vulnerable to pests, disease, or other damage. Cold temperatures can damage the leaves of the plant, causing them to become spotted or limp. The roots of monstera plants may also suffer in cold temperatures, leading to root rot or other diseases. Belonging to the tropical family, monsteras are used to warm environments and do not do well in cold temperatures, so it is important to ensure your plant is kept in conditions that suit their needs.

Is it possible to grow a vegetable garden in a small space?

Yes, it is possible to grow a vegetable garden in a small space. Gardening in a small space can be as simple as growing a few containerized plants in pots and raised beds, or as elaborate as vertically stacking planters, hanging pouches, and hanging baskets on a wall, railing, or fence. Regardless of the size of the space you are working with, some simple techniques such as companion planting, organic fertilizers, and water conservation can help you get the most out of your small vegetable garden.

Is peppermint herb green good for digestion?

Peppermint herb is indeed beneficial for digestion. The flavonoids in the herb support digestion by reducing inflammation in the digestive track, aiding in digestion and relieving indigestion, heartburn, and even the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Additionally, peppermint is naturally rich in menthol, which helps to relax the muscles of the stomach, aiding in the digestion of food. Peppermint herb can be consumed in a variety of forms, such as teas, tinctures and capsules, as well as by adding the herb to food or directly to water or tea.

Should peppermint herb green be consumed daily?

No, peppermint herb green should not be consumed daily. This is because it contains high levels of menthol, which can be toxic if taken in large doses. Additionally, consuming large amounts of peppermint herb green could interfere with the absorption of essential minerals and vitamins, potentially causing vitamin deficiencies. For these reasons, it is best to consult with a doctor before incorporating peppermint herb green into your daily diet.

Plant Species

Plant API

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Rust

Phragmidium mucronatum

What is Rose Rust (Phragmidium mucronatum)?

How does Rose Rust (Phragmidium mucronatum) occur?

Symptoms

1 - Impact on Plants

2 - Impact on Soil

Solutions

1 - Cultural Control

2 - Treatment

Susceptible Species

Golden Korean Fir

Mocha Rose Big Leaf Maple

River Birch

River Birch (clump)

Summer Cascade Weeping River Birch

California Incense Cedar

Leprechaun Green Ash

Patmore Green Ash

Blue Star Juniper

Rose Marie Magnolia

Candied Apple Flowering Crab

Dolgo Apple

Donald Wyman Flowering Crab

Louisa Flowering Crab

Melrose Apple

Red Jewel Flowering Crab

Sentinel Flowering Crab

Snowdrift Flowering Crab

Black Gum

acaena

yarrow

yarrow

yarrow

yarrow

yarrow

yarrow

yarrow

yarrow

yarrow

yarrow

yarrow

bugbane

bugbane

bugbane

bugbane

bugbane

desert rose

floss flower

floss flower

tree of Heaven

hollyhock

hollyhock

hollyhock

leek

onion

scallion

chives

chives

serviceberry

serviceberry

snapdragon

common bearberry

common bearberry

common bearberry

bearberry

black chokeberry

black chokeberry

black chokeberry

black chokeberry

black chokeberry

black chokeberry

black chokeberry

black chokeberry

black chokeberry

western mugwort

wild ginger