Rust

Puccinia spp.

What is Rust (Puccinia spp) ?

Rust diseases are fungal infections that affect turfgrasses, caused by fungi in the Puccinia genus. They can be found on various types of grassy areas like golf courses, athletic fields, and home lawns. Symptoms include pale-yellow spots on leaves or stems that grow parallel to leaf veins. Over time, reddish-brown pustules form, releasing orange spores. Rust diseases usually appear in late summer or early fall, mainly affecting cool season grasses like perennial ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass.

How does Rust (Puccinia spp) occur?

Rust diseases have a complex life cycle with different spore stages. The fungi produce windborne spores called urediniospores, which infect the host plant through tiny openings called stomata. Moisture, like heavy dew, is needed for spore germination and infection. Once inside the plant, the infection and spore production persist as long as the leaf lives. Rust fungi may need different host plants, including turfgrasses, shrubs, or ornamental plants, to complete their life cycle.

Symptoms

1 - Effects On plants

• Rust can cause reduced crop yield by damaging leaves, stems, and fruits. Severe infections weaken plants, making them more susceptible to other diseases, pests, and environmental stressors. • Additionally, infected plants may undergo defoliation, leading to decreased photosynthesis and energy production.

3 - Impacts on Environment and Soil

• Rust spores can be carried by wind or water, facilitating the spread of the disease to new areas. This can significantly impact ecosystems, affecting both cultivated and wild plants and potentially disrupting ecological balance. • Additionally, infected plant debris left behind can accumulate on the soil surface, leading to increased levels of organic matter.

Solutions

1 - Preventions

• Maintain adequate nitrogen and irrigation to promote healthy turf growth. • Avoid excessive thatch buildup and improve air circulation by regular aerating and dethatching. • Provide sufficient spacing between plants to promote air circulation, reducing humidity levels and creating less favorable conditions for rust development. • Remove and dispose of infected plant debris to reduce the source of inoculum. • Select rust-resistant turfgrass cultivars whenever possible.

2 - Application of fungicides

In cases of persistent rust problems, targeted application of fungicides may be necessary. • Triazoles: Tebuconazole, Propiconazole, and Metconazole • Strobilurins: Azoxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin • Copper-based fungicides: Copper sulfate, Copper hydroxide Mancozeb (Bonide® Orchard Spray) • Dithiocarbamates: Maneb, Mancozeb These are commonly used fungicides to prevent this disease. However, using these agents carefully and according to label instructions is vital to avoid unintended negative impacts on other organisms in the ecosystem.

Susceptible Species

Golden Korean Fir

River Birch

River Birch (clump)

Summer Cascade Weeping River Birch

California Incense Cedar

Leprechaun Green Ash

Patmore Green Ash

Blue Star Juniper

Black Gum

acaena

yarrow

bugbane

floss flower

tree of Heaven

hollyhock

leek

onion

scallion

chives

serviceberry

snapdragon

common bearberry

bearberry

black chokeberry

western mugwort

wild ginger

lady fern

tatting fern

lady fern

northern lady fern

lady fern

Japanese painted fern

European white birch

silver birch

deer fern

false aster

false chamomile

false aster

marsh marigold

nettle-leaved bellflower

leatherleaf sedge

sedge

blue green sedge

blue sedge

knapweed

golden-bell clematis

large-flowered tickseed

tickseed

Harry Lauder's walking stick

smoketree

cotoneaster

rock cotoneaster

small-leaved cotoneaster

black hawthorn

Washington hawthorn

quince

delphinium

candle larkspur

cheddar pink

wood fern

Japanese shield fern

wallflower

Joe Pye weed

tall fescue

fescue

meadowsweet

European ash

flowering ash

crown imperial

sweetscented bedstraw

imperial honey locust

honey locust

blue oat grass

coral bells

rose of Sharon

bigleaf hydrangea

silver ragwort

Hollywood juniper

common juniper

Japanese garden juniper

savin juniper

singleseed juniper

red cedar

European larch

English lavender

Spanish lavender

creeping Jenny

Japanese crabapple

woodland forget-me-not

forget-me-not

royal fern

fountain grass

pearl millet

oriental fountain grass

fountain grass

crimson fountaingrass

beardtongue

garden phlox

white spruce

Japanese red pine

Bosnian pine

mugo pine

dwarf mountain pine

mugo pine

dwarf mountain pine

Japanese black pine

white poplar

eastern cottonwood

black poplar

American aspen

rose moss

Douglas fir

common pear

white oak

scarlet oak

pin oak

willow oak

English oak

red oak

creeping buttercup

smooth sumac

Alpine currant

hybrid musk rose

shrub rose

raspberry

orange coneflower

black-eyed Susan

red-veined dock

weeping willow

dragon's claw willow

common sage

scarlet sage

house leek

rough goldenrod

lamb's ear

white woodland aster

calico aster

michaelmas daisy

Canadian hemlock

western hemlock

David viburnum

Common Wild Rose

Red-Flowering Currant

Redwood Sorrel

yarrow cultivars

variegated bulbous oat grass

Frikart aster

William Penn barberry

canna

garden mum

alpine clematis

pink anemone clematis

spider flower

Lavalle hawthorn

common hawthorn

elaeagnus

Idaho fescue

cascara

blanket flower

sunflower

coral bells

hardy hibiscus

creeping juniper

lantana

greater woodrush

charity mahonia

Oregon grape

false lily-of-the valley

European crabapple

peppermint

bee balm

narrow feather grass

blackstem bamboo

dwarf eastern white pine

primula

Garry oak

Hino Crimson azalea

Nootka rose

Mexican petunia

hens and chicks

checkerbloom

goldenrod

meadow rue

piggyback plant

wheat

Thunderbird evergreen huckleberry

Japanese pepper

FAQ

Do shade growing plants need any Sunlight?

Shade growing plants do need sunlight, although they require less than other plants. They need some direct sunlight each morning to help them photosynthesize and grow properly. Also, indirect sunlight throughout the day helps them stay healthy. Shade growing plants will benefit from the sunshine, but if they get too much or too little, then they can suffer the consequences. It's important to pay attention to the needs of your plants so that you can provide them with the proper light for optimal growth.

How often should you water indoor plants?

Indoor plants should be watered when the soil feels dry to a depth of about two inches, usually about once a week. A helpful technique to determine your plants' watering needs is to feel the soil before and after watering to get a sense of how long it takes to dry out. An important note to remember is that some plants require less water than others, and it's best to research the specific needs of your individual plants. Likewise, if your home is very dry, you might need to water more often as the lack of moisture can stress the plants and lead to problems like brown leaves and wilted stems.

Can my monstera plant get root rot?

Yes, a plant can get root rot. Root rot is a fungal disease that can be caused by over-watering, poor soil drainage, or high humidity levels in the air. Signs of root rot include yellowing leaves, wilting and stunted growth, and damaged or browning root systems. Sometimes it is difficult to detect root rot until the plant is removed from the soil, as the problems are mainly below the soil surface. Treating root rot usually involves removing the affected parts of the plant and replanting the unaffected ones.

Can I put my Monstera outside in summer?

No, you should not put your Monstera outside in summer. Monstera plants need warm, humid air to thrive, and direct sunlight can scorch their leaves. Instead, put your Monstera in a bright, sunny spot with indirect light, making sure the sun never directly hits the leaves. During the summer, keep your Monstera's soil damp and mist it occasionally to keep the leaves hydrated. At nighttime, keep the temperature around 16 - 21°C (60 - 70°F). You can definitely take your Monstera outdoors for short periods of time, just make sure to bring it back in if it starts to get too hot.

What happens if my monstera plant gets too cold?

If your monstera plant gets too cold, it will become vulnerable to pests, disease, or other damage. Cold temperatures can damage the leaves of the plant, causing them to become spotted or limp. The roots of monstera plants may also suffer in cold temperatures, leading to root rot or other diseases. Belonging to the tropical family, monsteras are used to warm environments and do not do well in cold temperatures, so it is important to ensure your plant is kept in conditions that suit their needs.

Is it possible to grow a vegetable garden in a small space?

Yes, it is possible to grow a vegetable garden in a small space. Gardening in a small space can be as simple as growing a few containerized plants in pots and raised beds, or as elaborate as vertically stacking planters, hanging pouches, and hanging baskets on a wall, railing, or fence. Regardless of the size of the space you are working with, some simple techniques such as companion planting, organic fertilizers, and water conservation can help you get the most out of your small vegetable garden.

Is peppermint herb green good for digestion?

Peppermint herb is indeed beneficial for digestion. The flavonoids in the herb support digestion by reducing inflammation in the digestive track, aiding in digestion and relieving indigestion, heartburn, and even the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Additionally, peppermint is naturally rich in menthol, which helps to relax the muscles of the stomach, aiding in the digestion of food. Peppermint herb can be consumed in a variety of forms, such as teas, tinctures and capsules, as well as by adding the herb to food or directly to water or tea.

Should peppermint herb green be consumed daily?

No, peppermint herb green should not be consumed daily. This is because it contains high levels of menthol, which can be toxic if taken in large doses. Additionally, consuming large amounts of peppermint herb green could interfere with the absorption of essential minerals and vitamins, potentially causing vitamin deficiencies. For these reasons, it is best to consult with a doctor before incorporating peppermint herb green into your daily diet.

Plant Species

Plant API

Share

Rust

Puccinia spp.

What is Rust (Puccinia spp) ?

How does Rust (Puccinia spp) occur?

Symptoms

1 - Effects On plants

3 - Impacts on Environment and Soil

Solutions

1 - Preventions

2 - Application of fungicides

Susceptible Species

Golden Korean Fir

River Birch

River Birch (clump)

Summer Cascade Weeping River Birch

California Incense Cedar

Leprechaun Green Ash

Patmore Green Ash

Blue Star Juniper

Black Gum

acaena

yarrow

yarrow

yarrow

yarrow

yarrow

yarrow

yarrow

yarrow

yarrow

yarrow

yarrow

bugbane

bugbane

bugbane

bugbane

bugbane

floss flower

floss flower

tree of Heaven

hollyhock

hollyhock

hollyhock

leek

onion

scallion

chives

chives

serviceberry

serviceberry

snapdragon

common bearberry

common bearberry

common bearberry

bearberry

black chokeberry

black chokeberry

black chokeberry

black chokeberry

black chokeberry

black chokeberry

black chokeberry

black chokeberry

black chokeberry

western mugwort

wild ginger

lady fern

lady fern

lady fern

lady fern

lady fern

tatting fern

lady fern

lady fern

northern lady fern

northern lady fern

lady fern